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IPv4 Subnet Calculator: Understanding CIDR Notation and Subnet Sizes

January 24, 2026
ipv4.center Team
IPv4 Subnet Calculator: Understanding CIDR Notation and Subnet Sizes

What Is CIDR Notation?

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation is the standard way to express IP address ranges. It uses a slash followed by a number (e.g., /24) to indicate how many bits are used for the network portion, which determines the size of the address block.

Complete CIDR Reference Table

CIDRSubnet MaskTotal IPsUsable IPsCommon Use Case
/32255.255.255.25511Single host
/31255.255.255.25422Point-to-point link
/30255.255.255.25242Small WAN link
/29255.255.255.24886Small office
/28255.255.255.2401614Small network segment
/27255.255.255.2243230Department network
/26255.255.255.1926462Small datacenter
/25255.255.255.128128126Medium network
/24255.255.255.0256254Standard network, minimum routable
/23255.255.254.0512510Small-medium ISP
/22255.255.252.01,0241,022Medium infrastructure
/21255.255.248.02,0482,046Datacenter, hosting
/20255.255.240.04,0964,094Large hosting, ISP
/19255.255.224.08,1928,190Regional ISP
/18255.255.192.016,38416,382Large ISP
/17255.255.128.032,76832,766Major provider
/16255.255.0.065,53665,534Enterprise, large ISP

Key Concepts

Network and Broadcast Addresses

In most subnets (/30 and larger), two addresses are reserved: the first address is the network address, and the last is the broadcast address. This is why a /24 has 256 total IPs but only 254 usable.

The /24 Minimum

A /24 (256 IPs) is generally the smallest block that can be independently routed on the public internet. Most ISPs will not accept BGP announcements for prefixes smaller than /24. This makes /24 the de facto minimum purchase size for IPv4 blocks.

Quick Calculation Formula

To calculate the number of IPs: 2^(32 - CIDR) = Total IPs

  • /24 = 2^(32-24) = 2^8 = 256 IPs
  • /22 = 2^(32-22) = 2^10 = 1,024 IPs
  • /20 = 2^(32-20) = 2^12 = 4,096 IPs
  • /16 = 2^(32-16) = 2^16 = 65,536 IPs

Choosing the Right Subnet Size

Consider these factors:

  • Current needs + 20% buffer: Plan for some growth
  • Budget: Larger blocks cost more total but less per IP
  • Routability: /24 is the minimum for public routing
  • Aggregation: Buying contiguous blocks allows aggregation for cleaner routing

Browse our marketplace to find blocks in the size you need, or start your purchase today.

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